What is Crescendo (cres.)? Explanation of How to Read and Play Piano Sheet Music

Have you ever seen the symbol “cres.” or “crescendo” in piano sheet music?

This symbol means a gradual increase in volume.

In this article, we will explain in detail the meaning and usage of crescendo, how to read it in sheet music, and how to play it on the piano.

What is “cres.” (Crescendo)?

“cres.” comes from the Italian word “crescendo.”

The meaning is “gradually louder (stronger)“, indicating the instruction to gradually increase the volume while playing.

Variations of Notation

The following notations are used in sheet music:

• cres. (abbreviation)
• crescendo (full notation)
• ＜ (an open shape representing crescendo)

These are used to build tension and excitement in a piece by gradually increasing the volume.

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Effects of Using Crescendo in Performance

Adding Emotion to Music
Using crescendo makes the performance more dynamic and helps convey emotion more vividly.

Creating Contrast in the Piece
By gradually increasing the volume, you can build anticipation and tension in the music.

Summary

cres. (Crescendo) is an important symbol in piano performance that enriches the music.

When playing crescendo, be sure to put emotion into the music!