Tenuto is a musical symbol represented by a horizontal line (―) placed above or below a note, indicating that the note should be held for its full value.
Derived from the Italian word “tenere” meaning “to hold,” the tenuto instructs performers to play the note not too short and not too long—just as written, with full intention and attention to its value.
- Etymology: From the Italian word “tenere” (to hold)
- Feature: Ensures the note is held fully, helping the melody and phrasing stand out
Tenuto Symbols in Sheet Music
In sheet music, tenuto appears as a short horizontal line (―) either above or below the notehead. It can also be written as “ten.” as an abbreviation.
Sometimes, tenuto appears combined with an accent symbol (>), forming a hybrid notation suggesting the note should be held firmly and emphasized.
Interpretation may vary depending on the piece’s genre and composer’s intent, so always read tenuto markings in context.
Recommended Article
How to Play Tenuto on Piano: Beginner-Friendly Steps
Understand Note Durations Precisely
Tenuto means to hold a note for its full written value.
Begin by clearly identifying how many beats the note should last. The feel of tenuto can vary depending on the tempo, meter, and phrasing of the music.
Maintain Finger Pressure on the Keys
Unlike normal key strikes that involve quick release, tenuto requires keeping the finger on the key, supporting the sound fully throughout its duration.
Relax your wrist and arm, and rely on your fingertips to maintain a gentle, steady contact with the keys.
Use a Metronome to Check Duration
Be careful not to prolong the note too much and disrupt the rhythm. Practicing with a metronome helps maintain consistent timing.
This is especially important to prevent delays when transitioning to the next note.
For Intermediate & Advanced Players: Enhancing Tenuto Expression
Focus on Phrasing and Flow
Tenuto markings may apply to entire phrases, not just individual notes. Holding the melodic line with care enhances the expressiveness of the music.
Tenuto can also help specific notes or harmonies stand out, bringing the melody to the forefront.
Combine with Dynamic Expression
Incorporating crescendos or decrescendos while holding a note can add depth and dimension to your sound.
This kind of dynamic shaping during a tenuto note makes your playing more emotionally engaging.
Use Contrast with Other Articulations
In a passage full of short notes (e.g., staccato or staccatissimo), a single tenuto note will stand out vividly, creating a strong expressive contrast.
Even in legato passages, a tenuto marking can introduce color by extending specific notes more than others.
Frequently Asked Questions (Q&A)
Q. What’s the difference between tenuto and legato?
Legato means to connect notes smoothly without breaks, while tenuto focuses on holding each note for its full value. When used together, they suggest holding notes fully while also connecting them smoothly.
Q. Should tenuto notes be played louder?
Not necessarily. Tenuto is about length, not volume. However, holding a note with more support may naturally result in a slightly emphasized sound.
Consider other markings like accents to determine whether a stronger touch is also intended.
Q. Can I use the piano pedal to help with tenuto?
It depends. While the damper pedal can support resonance, relying on it alone can blur the sound and diminish finger control. Always ensure your fingers maintain the core support, even when using the pedal.
Summary
Tenuto is a performance instruction that tells you to “hold the note fully.”
It adds emotional weight and emphasis to melodies by encouraging players to sustain notes intentionally and clearly.
Beginners should focus on accurately understanding note values and practice maintaining finger pressure while following a metronome for timing.
Apply these tips to add depth and nuance to your playing with tenuto!